Exploring the intersection of adverse childhood experiences, pediatric chronic pain, and rheumatic disease

Table 2 Self- and/or Parent- Reported ACEs among Youth with Chronic Pain (N = 412)

ACEs	Frequency (%)
≥ 1 ACE^*	311 (76%)
History of Mental Health Illness in first degree relative	231 (56%)
Parents Divorced/Separated	86 (20%)
Abuse - Verbal/Physical/Sexual	28 (7%)
Bullying	25 (6%)
Parent or other Household member with Alcohol or Drug problem	14 (3%)
Household member attempted suicide	14 (3%)
Household member went to prison	3 (< 1%)
Other ACEs	26 (6%)
No ACEs	101 (24%)

*Patient could report ACEs for > 1 category.
Other ACEs include: Patient’s mother or step mother is a victim of domestic violence, patient’s parents are together but never married, difficult relationship with father, patient’s mother having health issue following severe car accident, patient is adopted or foster child, patient is adopted and discovered biological brother who lives with his adopted parents and has mental health illness, patient having limited/stressful relationship with father or half siblings, loss of father, patient living with single mother and/or no contact with biological father, loss of adoptive father and substance abuse by biological mother, patient in custody issue, patient has no contact with sibling

ISSN: 1546-0096