Table 1 Summary of published cases of EBV encephalitis in SLE patients

Country, Y

China, 2012

Italy, 2016

Thailand, 2024

Age

21 years

7 years

12 years

Sex

Male

Male

Female

Onset from diagnosis

34 days

Prior SLE diagnosed

60 days

Symptoms

Seizure

Dystonia

Seizure

Headache

Psychiatric

Psychosis

Hypertension

symptom

Fever

Fever

Seizure

Investigation

 Blood

  WBC (cells/mm³)

n/a

-

2,770

  ALC (cells/mm³)

n/a

-

443

  Platelet (cells/mm³)

n/a

-

89,000

  CRP (mg/L)

n/a

-

8.9

  ESR (mm/h)

36

-

86

  Albumin (g/dl)

2.6

n/a

3.3

  EBV DNA

 + 

EBNA + 

-

  EBV IgM

 + 

VCA IgM-

n/a

  EBV IgG

n/a

VCA IgG + 

n/a

  Anti-dsDNA (IU/mL)

 + 

-

14

  Anti-ribosomal P

n/a

n/a

-

  APLs

ACL-

-

-

  Anti-NMDAR

n/a

n/a

-

  C3

Low

-

Low

  C4

Low

-

Normal

 CSF

  WBC

n/a

10 (L100%)

60 (N 55%, L45%)

  RBC

n/a

-

-

  CSF/serum glucose ratio

n/a

-

0.7

  Protein

n/a

-

 < 4

  EBV DNA

n/a

 + 

 + 

  EBV IgM

 + 

n/a

n/a

  EBV IgG

 + 

n/a

n/a

Treatment

MP

IVIg

IVIg

Ganciclovir

MP

MP

AED

Acyclovir

Acyclovir

AED

Meropenem

Risperidone

CSA

AED

Outcome

Complete recovery

Complete recovery

Complete recovery