Table 1 Demographic and disease characteristics of patients with cSLE according to depression and anxiety status
Characteristics | All patients (n = 91) | Depression (n = 29) | Non-depression (n = 62) | P-value | Anxiety (n = 45) | Non-anxiety (n = 46) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%)a | 79 (86.8) | 25 (86.2) | 54 (87.1) | 1.000 | 42 (93.3) | 37 (80.4) | 0.119 |
Age at the study (years), mean ± SD | 14.4 ± 2.3 | 15.4 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 2.4 | 0.002 | 14.7 ± 2.3 | 14.1 ± 2.4 | 0.238 |
Age at diagnosis (years), mean ± SD | 10.6 ± 2.7 | 11.5 ± 2.7 | 10.3 ± 2.6 | 0.046 | 10.8 ± 2.7 | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 0.515 |
Duration of disease (years), median (IQR) | 3.4 (3.5) | 3.9 (4.4) | 3.4 (3.3) | 0.759 | 3.8 (4.1) | 3.2 (3.1) | 0.625 |
Parental marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.428 | Â | Â | 0.366 |
 Married  Divorced  Separated  Widowed | 67 (73.6) 14 (15.4) 7 (7.7) 3 (3.3) | 21 (72.4) 3 (10.3) 4 (13.8) 1 (3.4) | 46 (74.2) 11 (17.7) 3 (4.8) 2 (3.2) |  | 35 (77.8) 4 (8.9) 4 (8.9) 2 (4.4) | 32 (69.6) 10 (21.7) 3 (6.5) 1 (2.2) |  |
Household income (baht/month), n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.204 | Â | Â | 0.060 |
 < 15,000  15,000–29,999  30,000–49,999  ≥ 50,000 | 54 (59.3) 17 (18.7) 12 (13.2) 8 (8.8) | 19 (65.5) 5 (17.2) 5 (17.2) 0 (0) | 35 (56.5) 12 (19.4) 7 (11.3) 8 (12.9) |  | 23 (51.1) 12 (26.7) 8 (17.8) 2 (4.4) | 31 (67.4) 5 (10.9) 4 (8.7) 6 (13.0) |  |
Highest household education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.372 | Â | Â | 0.884 |
 Less than college  College and above | 60 (65.9) 31 (34.1) | 21 (72.4) 8 (27.6) | 39 (62.9) 23 (37.1) |  | 30 (66.7) 15 (33.3) | 30 (65.2) 16 (34.8) |  |
Family history of psychiatric disorders, n (%)a | 6 (6.6) | 3 (10.3) | 3 (4.8) | 0.379 | 2 (4.4) | 4 (8.7) | 0.349 |
Obesity, n (%) | 11 (12.1) | 5 (17.2) | 6 (9.7) | 0.302 | 6 (13.3) | 5 (10.9) | 0.718 |
Presence of lupus nephritis, n (%) | 51 (56.0) | 18 (62.1) | 33(53.2) | 0.428 | 23 (51.1) | 28 (60.9) | 0.348 |
Active skin lesion, n (%) | 15 (16.5) | 6 (20.7) | 9 (14.5) | 0.415 | 9 (20.2) | 6 (13.0) | 0.396 |
Low complement, n (%)a | 6 (6.6) | 1 (3.4) | 5 (8.1) | 0.660 | 1 (2.2) | 5 (10.9) | 0.203 |
Presence of antiphospholipid antibody (n = 88), n (%) | 30 (34.1) | 10 (37.0) | 20 (32.8) | 0.698 | 15 (35.7) | 15 (32.6) | 0.759 |
Elevated anti-ds DNA (n = 89), n (%) | 42 (47.2) | 12 (44.4) | 30 (48.4) | 0.732 | 19 (44.2) | 23 (50.0) | 0.583 |
SLEDAI-2K score, median (IQR) | 2 (6) | 4 (10) | 2 (6) | 0.080 | 4 (9) | 2 (4) | 0.009 |
SDI score, median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0.647 | 0 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
Organ damage, n (%) | 28 (30.8) | 10 (34.5) | 18 (29.0) | 0.600 | 20 (44.4) | 8 (17.4) | 0.005 |
Pain score, median (IQR) | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 0.007 | 2 (3) | 0 (1) | < 0.001 |
Presence of pain, n (%) | 55 (60.4) | 22 (75.9) | 33 (53.2) | 0.040 | 35 (77.8) | 20 (43.5) | 0.001 |
Current medications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Prednisolonea | 84 (92.3) | 26 (89.7) | 58 (93.5) | 0.675 | 43 (95.6) | 41 (89.1) | 0.434 |
 Prednisolone > 10 mg/day | 54 (59.3) | 18 (62.1) | 36 (58.1) | 0.717 | 32 (71.1) | 22 (47.8) | 0.024 |
 Hydroxychloroquinea | 81 (89.0) | 26 (89.7) | 55 (88.7) | 1.000 | 38 (84.4) | 43 (93.5) | 0.197 |
 Mycophenolate | 43 (47.3) | 16 (55.2) | 27 (43.5) | 0.301 | 21 (46.7) | 22 (47.8) | 0.912 |
 Azathioprinea | 10 (11.0) | 2 (6.9) | 8 (12.9) | 0.493 | 4 (8.9) | 6 (13.0) | 0.739 |
 Methotrexatea | 4 (4.4) | 1 (3.4) | 3 (4.8) | 1.000 | 2 (44.4) | 2 (43.5) | 1.000 |
 Cyclophosphamidea | 3 (3.3) | 1 (3.5) | 2 (3.2) | 1.000 | 3 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.117 |
 Antihypertensive | 51 (56.0) | 16 (55.2) | 35 (56.5) | 0.909 | 26 (57.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.742 |