Depression and anxiety in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, associated factors, and impact on quality of life and family

Table 3 Factors associated with clinically significant depression in patients with cSLE

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variable	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Gender	0.93 (0.26–3.37)	0.907	0.79 (0.16–3.84)	0.767
Age at diagnosis	1.20 (1.00-1.43)	0.047	1.56 (1.12–2.16)	0.008
Disease duration	1.04 (0.88–1.24)	0.637	1.34 (0.98–1.84)	0.071
Parental marital status	1.10 (0.41–2.96)	0.858	0.80 (0.22–2.85)	0.725
Family history of psychiatric disorders	2.27 (0.43-12.00)	0.335	2.51 (0.28–22.64)	0.413
Presence of lupus nephritis	1.44 (0.58–3.54)	0.429	1.88 (0.63–5.60)	0.258
Presence of antiphospholipid antibody	1.21 (0.47–3.11)	0.698	1.28 (0.37–4.39)	0.692
Elevated anti-ds DNA	0.85 (0.34–2.12)	0.732	0.88 (0.28–2.78)	0.824
SLEDAI-2K	1.10 (1.00-1.21)	0.059	1.11 (0.96–1.28)	0.162
Organ damage	1.29 (0.50–3.30)	0.600	0.74 (0.21–2.61)	0.644
Pain score	1.30 (1.06–1.60)	0.013	1.24 (0.93–1.67)	0.141
Prednisolone > 10 mg/day	1.18 (0.48–2.92)	0.717	0.78 (0.23–2.62)	0.683

The bold value indicates statistical significance at the 0.05 level. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, anti-ds DNA anti double-stranded DNA, SLEDAI-2K Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000

ISSN: 1546-0096