Depression and anxiety in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, associated factors, and impact on quality of life and family

Table 4 Factors associated with clinically significant anxiety in patients with cSLE

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variable	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Gender	3.42 (0.86–13.53)	0.082	3.06 (0.51–18.40)	0.222
Age at diagnosis	1.05 (0.90–1.23)	0.510	1.16 (0.89–1.52)	0.264
Disease duration	1.03 (0.88–1.21)	0.692	1.08 (0.81–1.43)	0.611
Parental marital status	0.65 (0.25–1.68)	0.376	0.37 (0.09–1.46)	0.154
Family history of psychiatric disorders	0.49 (0.09–2.81)	0.422	0.16 (0.01–2.35)	0.181
Presence of lupus nephritis	0.67 (0.29–1.54)	0.349	0.71 (0.23–2.20)	0.554
Presence of antiphospholipid antibody	1.15 (0.48–2.77)	0.759	1.95 (0.52–7.28)	0.319
Elevated anti-ds DNA	0.79 (0.34–1.82)	0.583	0.50 (0.15–1.66)	0.256
SLEDAI-2K	1.14 (1.03–1.26)	0.012	1.10 (0.94–1.30)	0.231
Organ damage	3.80 (1.45–9.95)	0.007	4.27 (1.19–15.31)	0.026
Pain score	1.63 (1.24–2.15)	< 0.001	1.61 (1.11–2.32)	0.012
Prednisolone > 10 mg/day	2.69 (1.13–6.39)	0.025	2.56 (0.72–9.05)	0.146

The bold value indicates statistical significance at the 0.05 level. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, anti-ds DNA anti double-stranded DNA, SLEDAI-2K Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000

ISSN: 1546-0096