What have we learned from long-term studies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? – Prediction, classification, transition.

Table 4 Disease course factors predicting unfavourable adult outcome in long-term studies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Studies	n	Dis. Dur. Years^a	Age Years^a	Disease course factors	Long-term outcome
Bertilsson, 2013	86	17	n.a.	Unfavourable outcome at 5-year	Not in remission, HAQ > 0, SF-36 PCS
Selvaag, 2016	176	30	39	Unfavourable outcome at 15-year	Active disease or remission on medication
Dimopoulou, 2017	102	17	25	Longer duration of active disease first 5 years	Long duration in active disease during 17 years, radiographic damage
Arnstad, 2021	377	18	23	Unfavourable outcome at 8-year	Fatigue
Minden, 2019	701	14	23	Late start bDMARDs (> 2 years or > 5 years from onset)	Less drug-free remission, higher cJADAS10, higher HAQ, higher PatGA, cJADAS71 > 4.5
Oliveira Ramos, 2023	361	20	29	Late start of bDMARDs (> 5 years from onset)	Less remission off medication, higher HAQ, higher SF-36 PCS

Dis. Dur. disease duration, n.a. not assessed, HAQ health assessment questionnaire (range 0–3), SF-36 medical outcome study Short Form based on 36 questions, PCS physical component summary score, bDMARDs biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, cJADAS-10 clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score based on 10 joints (range 0–10), PatGA patient global assessment of disease impact on wellbeing (range 0–10), cJADAS71 cJADAS based on 71 joints (range 0-101)
^aMean or median

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