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Table 1 Demographic data of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with and without serositis

From: Serositis as an indicator of poor prognosis in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus

 

All patients

(N = 185)

cSLE with serositis

(N = 38, 20.54%)

cSLE without serositis

(N = 147, 79.45%)

P-value

Female: Male (% of females)

155:30 (83.78%)

33:5 (86.84%)

122:25 (82.99%)

0.743

Age at diagnosis of SLE (years)

13.45 ± 3.17

12.52 ± 3.13

13.69 ± 3.13

0.041

Follow-up duration (years)

8.74 ± 6.16

7.02 ± 6.01

9.19 ± 6.12

0.053

SLEDAI-2 K scorea

11.78 ± 5.40

17.86 ± 4.80

10.21 ± 4.32

< 0.001

Modified SLEDAI-2 K scorea

11.10 ± 4.80

14.55 ± 4.98

10.21 ± 4.32

< 0.001

Laboratory datab

 

(at onset of serositis)

(at SLE diagnosis)

 

 White blood cells (x109/L)

6.11 ± 4.54

7.72 ± 5.62

5.68 ± 4.09

0.013

 C3 (mg/dL)

52.65 ± 29.2

46.57 ± 27.68

54.29 ± 29.38

0.15

 C4 (mg/dL)

9.29 ± 7.32

9.31 ± 6.42

9.29 ± 7.55

0.986

 Anti-dsDNA (IU/ml)

568.29 ± 430.26

547.52 ± 492.38

573.88 ± 411.74

0.739

Lupus manifestationsc

    

 Lupus nephritis

95 (51.35%)

31 (81.54%)

64 (44.89%)

< 0.001

 CNS manifestations

19 (10.27%)

14 (36.84%)

5 (3.40%)

< 0.001

 Hematological involvement

90 (47.6%)

23 (60.52%)

63 (42.85%)

0.077

Treatmentc

    

 Mycophenolic acidd

146 (78.91%)

25 (65.78%)

121 (82.8%)

0.045

 Rituximabe

72 (38.91%)

12 (31.57%)

60 (41.4%)

0.392

 Methylprednisolone pulse therapy

120 (64.86%)

30 (78.94%)

90 (62.6%)

0.064

 Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy

37 (20%)

16 (42.1%)

21 (14.28%)

< 0.001

 PICU admission

34 (18.37%)

23 (60.52%)

11 (7.48%)

< 0.001

Comorbidities and outcomesc

    

 End-stage renal disease

28 (14.8%)

18 (47.36%)

10 (6.80%)

< 0.001

 SLICC/ACR damage index score

0.63 ± 1.25

2.05 ± 1.65

0.26 ± 0.77

< 0.001

 Mortality

20 (10.81%)

15 (39.47%)

5 (3.40%)

< 0.001

 Lost to follow-up

34 (18.37%)

8 (21.05%)

26 (17.68%)

0.808

  1. Abbreviations: cSLE, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; dsDNA, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI-2 K, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000; CNS, central nervous system; SLICC/ACR, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology
  2. Data are expressed as number of patients (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD)
  3. aModified SLEDAI-2 K score: SLEDAI-2 K scores minus scores of serositis; SLEDAI-2 K score or modified SLEDAI-2 K score were recorded at the diagnosis of serositis (patients with serositis) or SLE (patients without serositis)
  4. bNormal ranges: white blood cells: 3.84–11.40 (x109/L); C3: 87–200 (mg/dL); C4: 10–52 (mg/dL); anti-dsDNA antibodies: negative ≤ 200, equivocal 201–300, positive ≥ 301 (IU/ml)
  5. cPrevalence of events or medication usage from the diagnosis of SLE to study endpoints
  6. dMycophenolic acid or mycophenolate mofetil
  7. eRituximab 375 mg/m2 or up to 500 mg per dose
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Pediatric Rheumatology

ISSN: 1546-0096