Table 2 Physical examination findings including non-organic back pain signs
From: Non-organic back pain signs in children with amplified musculoskeletal pain involving the back
Total population N = 334 | Localized AMPS N = 128 | Diffuse AMPS N = 206 | P between localized and diffuse | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Allodynia by history N (%) | 283 (85%) 333 obs | 102 (80%) 127 obs | 180 (88%) 206 obs | 0.08 |
Allodynia on examination N (%) | 253 (76%) 334 obs | 86 (67%) 128 obs | 167 (81%) 206 obs | < 0.01 |
Incongruent affect N (%) | 301 (90%) | 108 (84%) | 193 (94%) | < 0.01 |
Overreaction N (%) | 16 (5%) | 8 (6%) | 8 (4%) | 0.33 |
Positive axial loading N (%) | 89 (28%) 320 obs | 28 (23%) 120 obs | 61 (31%) 200 obs | 0.17 |
Positive passive rotation N (%) | 99 (31%) 320 obs | 35 (30%) 118 obs | 64 (32%) 202 obs | 0.71 |
Positive straight leg raising N (%) | 15 (5%) 309 obs | 10 (9%) 114 obs | 5 (3%) 195 obs | 0.01 |
If positive, no pain on distracted straight leg raising N (%) | 14 (93%) Only 15 obs | 9 (100%) 9 obs | 5 (83%) 6 obs | 0.22 |
Failure to guard back when going from supine to sitting N (%) | 189 (92%) 206 obs | 70 (88%) 80 obs | 119 (94%) 126 obs | 0.08 |